In 2024 I shall begin work on a new book, a history of the parish of Lydiard Tregoze in the 20th century, based on the diaries of Elliot Woolford.
In 1899 Elliot Woolford moved to the village of Hook where he took over the tenancy of Hook Farm, part of the Lydiard Park estate. Elliot kept a meticulous diary recording daily work on the farm from 1899-1940. In this unique archive we learn about changing practices in agriculture as he continued to modernise and develop the farm. He mentions family members, friends and neighbours, social and national events and life on the declining Lydiard Estate.
Read about the Childrens’ Christmas Tree – a big event on the Christmas calendar held at the school in Hook, usually a few days after Christmas.
Friday December 31, 1915.
I went to Swindon and sold butter 12/- 12 0
Bt Groceries 2/6 Meat 2/3 papers 1/- Cigarettes,
Soap & Diary 3/3 9 0
Dog Biscuits 2/8 Sauceges 7d Sundries 2/6 5 9
Paid Carter 17/- William 14/6 Walter 14/6 Frank 8/-
Clarence 5/6 2 19 6
3 14 3
Carter, William, & Walter, attending to Cows
Frank not at work
Clarence took the milk first time instead of Frank
Amy, & Dora Ody, & Babe, went up to the school tea. Amy was the sole means of they having a tea. She had no difficulty in Begging the money. Miss Dora & Dolly Ody Mrs Newth Mrs & Miss Hale Miss Habgood Mrs Webb Mrs Painter & Mrs W. Ody took their Children & assisted. About a 100 children attended. It was quite a success. Mr Leighton School master & his wife worked hard preparing the school etc.
In 2024 I shall begin work on a new book, a history of the parish of Lydiard Tregoze in the 20th century, based on the diaries of Elliot Woolford.
In 1899 Elliot Woolford moved to the village of Hook where he took over the tenancy of Hook Farm, part of the Lydiard Park estate. Elliot kept a meticulous diary recording daily work on the farm from 1899-1940. In this unique archive we learn about changing practices in agriculture as he continued to modernise and develop the farm. He mentions family members, friends and neighbours, social and national events and life on the declining Lydiard Estate.
Here is how he spent that first Christmas at Hook Farm with his brother Rowland.
Tuesday December 26, 1899 St Stephen. Bank Holiday
Got a Gun Licence out for Rowl. 10/- 10.0
Gave Mother 10/- for Household Exs. 10.0
Sent £13. 15/- to Bank.
Went up to Mr Owen Hales. “Creeches Farm” shooting
Rowl shot two sparrows all told. Could not find a rabbit
Started 2 Blackbirds these escaped unhurt with the exception of a little fright & palpitation.
We spent the evening with them viewing photos of the family and indulging in a few games with the childrens playthings the Party broke up at 11.15 pm all perfectly sober.
Weather Dull foggy & raining all the forenoon
Very quiet Xmas Generally No doubt owing to the War
Image of Creeches Farm taken 1880-1890 is published courtesy of the Friends of Lydiard Park.
In 2024 I shall begin work on a new book, a history of the parish of Lydiard Tregoze in the 20th century, based on the diaries of Elliot Woolford.
In 1899 Elliot Woolford moved to the village of Hook where he took over the tenancy of Hook Farm, part of the Lydiard Park estate. Elliot kept a meticulous diary recording daily work on the farm from 1899-1940. In this unique archive we learn about changing practices in agriculture as he continued to modernise and develop the farm. He writes about family members, friends and neighbours, social and national events and life on the declining Lydiard Estate.
Read about the day before Christmas 1902. Work carried on as usual but Elliot also records his sorrow at the sudden death of his much loved mother.
Tuesday December 23, 1902
Mother Died to Day at 2.40 o.clock P.M.
Cut 425 Sprouts 17 Bags Savoys etc
I went to Swindon & delivered vegetables received Cash1 15 0
Bought fish 6d Butter 1/31 9
Paid Mobeys for their labour 9/- 9/- & 4/-1 2 0
Gave Ellen 20/- to get mourning 1 0 0
£2 13 9
2 3 9
Mother died this afternoon at 2.40 Rowl, Aunt Martha, Ellen, Fanny Matthews, & Father was there also Fred Woolford’s wife “Bessie” She died very happy & passed away without pain while in Rowls arms as he was trying to turn her over. We feel her loss to us we were so attached to her for she was most devoted to us all & ever studdying our well being & comfort and could never do enough for us. She asked to see Sam but he did not arrive till after she had been fallen asleep two hours.I went over in the Evening.
Weather Mild
Frances Ann and William Woolford are buried in St Mary’s churchyard, Purton. Image published courtesy of Duncan and Mandy Ball.
Local farmer Elliot Woolford kept a daily diary for more than 50 years and I’m transcribing it for the Friends of Lydiard Park online Lydiard Archives project.
The diaries in which Elliot records life in the small rural parish of Lydiard Tregoze constitute an important social document. Here he discusses everything from the vagaries of the weather to crop failures; from church festivals to village goings-on; the death of Queen Victoria and the end of the war in South Africa. His writing is unaffected and his voice colloquial, the diary was written for his reference only.
In 1911 Elliot brought his produce to Swindon market and delivered to shops in the town centre. One of his regular customers was George Watson who ran a greengrocers and florists at 21 Cromwell Street. In his diary Elliot records their transactions.
Friday April 7: Received 10/6 of Mr G. Watson for rhubarb delivered last week.
Monday May 15: 1 doz Pea sticks to Swindon for Mr G. Watson.
On Friday September 22 it was Mrs Watson who greeted Elliot, paying him £1 10/- for 20 dozen cabbage.
On Saturday September 23 Elliot writes in his diary: Mr G. Watson died last night after a short illness.
George Watson was buried in Radnor Street Cemetery in grave plot E7394. Two days later Elliot writes: Received 43/- of Mrs Watson for cabbage & turnips delivered.
Annie Watson continued to run the shop after the death of her husband.
Saturday October 28: 7/6 worth of cabbage to Mrs Watson and 9 old hens @ 1/3 each.
Annie and George were both in their 40s when they married; there were no children to carry on the business.
In time Annie moved in with her sister and brother-in-law, Susan and George Fowler at 23 Salisbury Street. When George Fowler died in 1929 he was buried in grave plot E7394 with Annie’s husband. Annie died in 1945 aged 80. She was buried with both the Georges.
George Watson’s shop pictured during flooding in Swindon July 25, 1909 published courtesy of Local Studies, Swindon Central Library.
Death of Mr. G. Watson, – At his residence, 21, Cromwell Street, on Friday night, Mr. G. Watson suddenly passed away. Deceased, who was 52 years of age, was a florist, and he had recently been under medical attention for heart trouble, though the end came quite unexpectedly. Mr Watson had lived in Swindon during the last nine years, and was on the executive of the local Horticultural Society. He was also a member of the Ancient Order of Foresters. He leaves a widow, but no children.
The funeral took place on Wednesday afternoon. The procession left the house at 3 o’clock and wended its way to St Paul’s Church where the first portion of the service was conducted by the Vicar (the Rev. H.H. Rackham). The cortege then proceeded to the Cemetery, where the Rev. T.L. Mackesy read the concluding portions of the service.
The floral tributes were numerous and handsome and included two artificial wreath inscribed “A token of respect to George Watson from stallholders, shopkeepers, friends and neighbours RIP” and “a tribute of respect from members of the Queenstown Club.”
Extracts from the North Wilts Herald, Friday, September 29, 1911.
Today few occupations can guarantee a job for life but in the 19th century it was quite different. In 1871 there were 1.4 million women in domestic service – 6.5% of the total female population. One in three girls between the ages of 15-20 worked as kitchen maids and housemaids – and one record breaking Swindon family notched up an incredible combined service of over 160 years extending across three generations.
In 1818 James and Elizabeth Pitt moved to their new home, one of three stone built tied cottages in Mannington Lane. An agricultural labourer, James was first employed by tenant farmer Richard Dore King at Mannington Farm and later by Richard Strange who in 1835 signed a 12-year lease on the 237-acre farm.
The Pitt couple had five daughters, Eliza, Leah, Jane, Mary Ann and Martha, all baptised at St. Mary’s Church, Lydiard Tregoze and of whom four were destined for employment at Mannington Farm.
Eldest daughter Eliza worked as a ‘house servant’ for over 24 years. In the 1860s the going rate for a housemaid was £14 per year, all found, the hours were long and the work hard. Leah served the Strange family at Mannington Farm for just two years due to her untimely death at the age of just 18. She died on October 26, 1841 in Cricklade where she was then working in service. The cause of her death was given as ‘Visitation of God.’
Third daughter Jane put in an impressive 24 years’ service at Mannington Farm. She began work in 1839, first as a house servant then after her marriage to groom Thomas Osman in 1859, as a dairymaid. Fourth daughter Martha also began her working life as a house servant at Mannington. By 1871 she had been promoted to Lady’s Maid to Richard Strange’s daughter Julia.
Elizabeth Pitt died in 1871 and her husband James in 1882. An elaborate and expensive memorial, probably erected by their appreciative employer, marks their grave in the churchyard at St. Mary’s, Lydiard Tregoze.
Julia Strange took over the running of the farm after her father’s death and by 1891 there was a whole host of Pitt descendants employed in the household, including Martha aged 52 and Jane Osman’s two daughters, 21 year old Julia who is a housemaid and Louisa 28, cook. The Mannington Farm tenancy changed hands in the late 1890s ending over seventy years of Pitt/Osman family service to the Strange family.
Julia Strange moved to Didcot. She died at Acland Home, Oxford in 1911 and was buried with her parents in Radnor Street Cemetery in a grave spanning three plots.
Jane Osman died aged 73 at her home, Mannington Cottage, in 1899 by which time the ancient churchyard at St. Mary’s was closed. Her husband Thomas died in 1909 and her sister Martha Pitt in 1909. All three are buried in Radnor Street Cemetery, close to the Strange family grave, neighbours in death as in life.
The Strange family grave
James and Elizabeth’s grave in the churchyard at St. Mary’s, Lydiard Tregoze.
One of the first guided cemetery walks I went on was at Arnos Vale in Bristol where the guide introduced us to a ‘husband sandwich’; a man buried with his two wives. As an inexperienced ‘apprentice’ I was slightly shocked (especially by the term), but since then I have come across numerous ‘sandwiches.’ People are ever pragmatic and burials were expensive, making for some unlikely grave companions. Death is a great conciliator.
Emily was born in 1869 in the parish of Lydiard Tregoze, the daughter of George and Martha Lovelock. George was an agricultural labourer and the family lived at Flaxlands Cottages. George most probably worked at Flaxlands Farm, then owned by Viscount Bolingbroke of Lydiard House.
Emily’s childhood was a rural one; Lydiard Tregoze was then out in the sticks, four miles from the industrial town centre of New Swindon. She married Albert James Fry on June 8, 1889 at the ancient parish church of St. Mary’s situated in the parkland next to Lydiard House.
But by 1891 Emily was living in busy Swindon at 22 Carfax Street with her husband James and baby daughter Florence. In 1901 James and Emily were living at 25 Turner Street. James worked as a rivetter in the GWR Works and the couple had five children ranging in age between 9 months and 11 years.
In 1911 the family were still at 25 Turner Street. On the 1911 census returns women were required to include details of their marriage and we can see that James and Emily had been married for 21 years and they had 7 children of whom two had sadly died. We also know more about the accommodation in which they lived – 5 rooms, not counting the scullery, landing, lobby, closet or bathroom.
As we can see from this headstone, Albert James Fry died in 1915, by which time the couple had been married 26 years.
Two years later Emily married her recently widowed near neighbour James William Covey and moved down the road to live with him at number 21 Turner Street. Emily had a long second marriage as well. When James Covey died in 1942 they had been married for 25 years.
Emily’s two husbands were buried together and when she died in 1951 aged 81 years she joined them in grave plot B3321, to spend eternity together, amicably.
August 1882 and the new cemetery on Kingshill had been open a year. There were 14 burials during the month of August 1882, numbered 221 to 235 in the burial registers. In those early years most of the burials took place in Section A.
The oldest person buried in August 1882 was Richard Cowley aged 91. Richard Cowley was baptised on December 12, 1790 at St. Mary’s Church, Lydiard Tregoze, the son of John and Sarah. In 1810 he married Susannah Smith at the church where he had been baptised and they had five children (possibly more) Maria, Joseph, William, Sarah and John. In 1841 they were living in the Lodge Gate, Spittleborough Farm, Lydiard Tregoze, close to present day Junction 16 on the M4. They were living alone, both in their 50s, the children had all left home. In 1851 the couple were living near Marsh Farm, Lydiard Tregoze. No chance of retirement for Richard who still worked as an agricultural labourer. Susannah died in 1858.
The following year Richard married Elizabeth Green at All Saint’s Church, Lydiard Millicent. He was 68, she was twenty years younger. In 1861 Richard and Elizabeth lived at The Green, Lydiard Millicent. Richard, aged 70, was still working as an agricultural labourer, possibly for Anthony Kibblewhite at neighbouring Godwin Farm. By 1871 Richard was widowed for the second time; still living in Lydiard Millicent, still working.
Richard died in August 1882, aged 91. His last home was 63 Westcott Place where he lived with his youngest son John and daughter-in-law Caroline. He was buried on August 19, 1882 in grave plot A551, a public grave.
The youngest person to be buried in August 1882 was 2 month old Arthur William Thomas. He was baptised William Arthur Thomas at St. Mark’s Church on August 13. He was buried 15 days later in a babies grave plot A285 when he was recorded as Arthur William Thomas. Were his parents too distraught to notice his name was incorrectly recorded?
If William Arthur Thomas had lived as many years as Richard Cowley he would have seen man land on the moon!
In August 1882 Radnor Street Cemetery had been open a year; 14 burials took place that month, the oldest person was Richard Cowley, the youngest was William Arthur Thomas.
And then there are the little lives, the quiet lives, the people who leave little trace. No children, no legacy, no letters, no diaries. No death notice in the local newspaper, no lengthy obituary.
John Iles was born in 1820, possibly in Broad Blunsdon, maybe in Lydiard Tregoze. Born before the introduction of civil registration, there is no birth certificate for him. Neither can I find a baptism entry but we know that by 1841 he was living in the parish of Lydiard Tregoze where he worked as a labourer.
Honor was baptised at the parish church in Lyneham on May 18, 1817, the daughter of John and Mary Burchell, and grew up in the Preston area of Lyneham.
John and Honor were married at St Mary’s Church, Lydiard Tregoze on November 12, 1844. John signed his name in the parish register, Honor made her mark. They both gave their address as Mannington, Lydiard Tregoze. John was a labourer, Honor a servant. Perhaps they worked for Richard Strange, farmer at Mannington Farm. There was little else there in that part of the parish. Or was John working at the recently built GWR Maintenance and Repair Works in New Swindon, just a short walk across the fields? Or maybe he was a builders’ labourer employed by J & C Rigby who were building the GWR company houses.
In 1851 they were living in Moredon, Rodbourne Cheney – John worked as a ‘rail labourer’. Seven years married and no children. Children were not planned in the mid-19th century – they were either conceived or they weren’t. There was little choice. There were old wives’ tales and potions and prayers, to encourage or prevent a birth. Perhaps Honor tried them all. Perhaps there was a child, born between 1844 and 1851, maybe more than one, but they failed to thrive and appear on subsequent census returns. By 1861 the couple were living in Even Swindon. John and Honor had been married 17 years and Honor was 44, perhaps the likelihood of a child was now remote.
In 1861 they were living in Even Swindon, lodging with William and Jane Handy. In 1871 they were living in Cow Lane and in 1881 they were at 22 Eastcott Villas, still in the same area. Then suddenly it was all over. John died in January 1889 aged 69 years. He was buried on January 26 in grave plot E8467. Honor died that same year, aged 72 years and was buried with him.
And marking their grave is this substantial memorial. Who paid for it? Who installed it? Perhaps the lives of John and Honor were not so little, not so quiet, after all. Perhaps there is a whole lot about them left to be discovered.
I bought Martha’s little oak gate leg table that always stood in her hall. I remember a vase of seasonal flowers always stood there; daffodils in the spring, sweet peas in the summer, dahlias and chrysanthemums in the autumn and evergreens in the winter.
It would break her heart to see her home being picked over like this, but what else could he do. Martha’s youngest son Owen took over the farm after she died but now he was retiring and moving away. He was taking just a few personal possessions with him.
His six cows stood mournfully lowing in the stalls as the auctioneer sold off the livestock while the furniture gathered across generations of the Philmore family was examined by neighbours who barely remembered them.
The ten-acre farm on Hook Street had been home to the Philmore family for more than four generations and a hundred years. Martha had been baptised and married in St Mary’s Church and in turn had brought her babies there to be baptised. Her parents were buried in the churchyard and her husband and daughter next to them.
I sat by Martha’s bedside in the bedroom beneath the eaves of the thatched roof; the room where she had been born. Her life had been a small one, intimately interwoven with farm and church, family and friends. She had barely moved out of the parish throughout her life, but in death she was to be separated from all this. There were no more burial spaces in the churchyard, when Martha died, she was buried alone in Swindon Cemetery.
I never went to the funeral. It was just too sad, I couldn’t bear it. I offered instead to get a tea ready for the mourners. They would need something to revive their spirits, Swindon Cemetery was a bleak place in January. I put a small pot of snowdrops on the hall table, just as Martha would have done.
The facts …
Once part of the Midgehall estate, Creeches, the ten-acre holding close to the Old School House, belonged to the Earls of Clarendon until 1860 when the Clarendon properties at Lydiard Tregoze were sold to Henry Meux, head of the Meux brewery. In 1906 Lady Bolingbroke bought the farm for £995 9s 8d.
Creeches was included in the Lydiard Park Estate sale of 1930. The farm was described as a very desirable small holding of rich meadow land, the house was built of stone with a thatched roof, six rooms and usual offices. The farm buildings included a cowstall and yard, stable and cart shed. The property was let on a Michaelmas Tenancy to Mr A.H. Lopes at a rent of £45 a year.
With no interested buyer, the farm was retained by the St John family until after the death of Lady Bolingbroke in 1940 when what remained of the estate went on the market. A copy of the sale catalogue bears a pencilled note that the property sold for £1,275 although other sources say it was bought by Amy Woolford for £1,405.
Martha was baptised at St Mary’s on June 9, 1816. She married Charles Hale at St Mary’s on October 18, 1836. The couple had six children, Thomas, Ann, Mary, Charles, Jane and Owen.
After her marriage to Charles Hale the family lived first at Toothill Cottages and then in a cottage next to the Sun Inn at Lydiard Millicent before returning to Creeches to look after Martha’s elderly parents.
By the time Martha died in 1890 the churchyard at Lydiard Tregoze was closed, and the burial ground at Hook not yet opened. Martha was buried at Radnor Street Cemetery in Swindon. Her gravestone is exactly the same design as the one on her husband and daughter’s grave at St Mary’s.
The spelling of the name of the 10-acre farm on Hook Street, close to the Old School House, varied across the 19th century cemetery. In 1805 it was known as Cruises, in 1828 as Cruches and by 1888 it appears in records as Creeches.
Creeches Farm pictured in the late 19th century published courtesy of Lydiard Park.
Mary Ann Harwood and Ferdinand Turner grew up in the small rural parish of Lydiard Tregoze, on the outskirts of Swindon, most of which was owned by the St John family at Lydiard Park.
Ferdinand Turner was baptised at the parish church of St Mary’s on October 11, 1829, the son of Emma Turner, an unmarried woman who worked as an agricultural labourer. Mary Ann was the daughter of Robert Harwood, an agricultural labourer, and his wife Susannah. She was baptised on April 1, 1832 also at St Mary’s Church.
The young couple married on December 22, 1855 at St Mary’s. In 1871 they were living in Toothill where they both worked as agricultural labourers. Their elder daughters Sarah Jane and Elizabeth worked on the land with them, and possibly their younger daughters Susan and Lucy as well. Their youngest two children were Mary Ellen, aged 3 and 5 month old Frederic William.
But change was on the way and you have to ask yourself just how much sorrow can one family endure?
Mary Ann’s younger brother Robert died in 1872 in a shocking accident while out poaching on land at Toothill Farm.
Shocking Death. – An inquest was held on Monday at Toothill Farm, about four miles from Swindon, on the body of Robert Harwood, aged 27, an engine-driver in the employ of the Great Western Railway Company, who had been found dead on the farm on Sunday, with a gunshot wound through the head upwards. The spot where the body was found commanded a view of several fields, and it is conjectured the deceased went to the farm on Sunday early and shot rabbits from this point, two being found near him. It is supposed that he was drawing his gun towards him to shoot again, when it became entangled, and, the trigger being moved, the gun exploded. The charge entering the throat under the left ear in an upward direction, death of course was instantaneous. When the body was found the muzzle of the gun was towards it, and the butt end in the hedge. Verdict “Accidentally killed by a gun while unlawfully shooting rabbits.”
Southern Times Saturday, July 27, 1872.
The grave of Robert Harwood in St Mary’s Churchyard, Lydiard Tregoze
Robert was buried with his father in the old country churchyard at St. Mary’s. The ripples of shock and grief swept through the family and no doubt Mary Ann drew close to support her widowed mother. But within three years another tragedy hit the family.
By 1875 the Turner family had moved into Swindon and a home in Haydon Street close to the GWR Works where Ferdinand was employed as a labourer. One Saturday morning in March 1875 their two younger children, Mary Ellen and Frederick, walked back to Mannington to visit the neighbours they had once been so close to.
Burned to death – Mr Coroner Whitmarsh held an inquest at the Great Western Hotel, Swindon Station, on Wednesday, on the body of Mary Ellen Turner, seven years of age, daughter of Ferdinand Turner, of New Swindon, a laborer. It appeared that deceased, accompanied by a brother five years of age, left home at ten o’clock on Saturday morning for the house of a person named Carter who lived at Mannington, and was formerly a neighbor of deceased’s mother. The children got there safe enough and, at twelve o’clock, had some dinner with Mrs. Carter, and on the latter again going out to her work in the fields the children with others followed her. They played in the same meadow as that in which Mrs Carter was engaged, and amused themselves for sometime in gathering the early spring flowers which they were fortunate enough to find. In about half an hour, however, Mrs Carter was startled at hearing dreadful screams, and on going in the direction from which they proceeded she saw deceased, whose clothes were in flames, running towards her. It seemed that in putting some sticks on a small fire which was near, and which Mrs Carter’s daughter (a girl about fourteen years old) had lit to keep herself warm while bird-keeping, deceased’s water-proof became ignited. She instantly took it off, but the flames caught her dress, and, finding they had attained a mastery, the child screamed aloud, which as before shown, attracted Mrs Carter’s attention. She did what she could under the circumstances, and deceased was taken to a neighbor’s house. The doctor was sent for, and in a very short time Mr Simon, an assistant to Messrs. Swinhoe and Howse, attended. He dressed the wounds, and the child was removed home to Swindon in a dog-trap. The case, however, was a hopeless one from the first, and deceased died the same night, at a quarter to nine o’clock, from exhaustion and shock to the system, the result of the injuries received. The jury returned a verdict of “Accidentally burnt.”
The North Wilts Herald, Saturday, March 27, 1875.
Poor little Mary Ellen was buried in the churchyard at St Mark’s Church in the railway village on March 25, 1875.
And then in 1886 the couple lost their daughter Susan who died aged 25. Without access to her death certificate we do not know what the cause of death was. A death announcement was published in the Swindon Advertiser, but there is no account of how she died. As a young, unmarried woman it is doubtful she died during childbirth so we can only suspect she died from an illness. She was buried on January 21st, 1886 in grave plot A415 where this elegant headstone was later erected.
Was this all there was to discover about this family? I hoped there would be no further tragic deaths.
Ferdinand died in 1904 aged 72 years old and is buried in the plot next to his daughter, A414. Mary Ann died two years later aged 70 and joined Ferdinand.
Almost thirty years later Susan was joined by a brother-in-law she had never known as he came on the scene long after her death. David L.H. Price was the husband of her elder sister Elizabeth. David worked as a striker in the Works and died at his home 95 Linslade Road, Rodbourne. His funeral took place on May 4, 1915. He was 48 years old.
Radnor Street Cemetery 